Jeb wrote:What on earth is CSI banding?
What is a deformation zone and why the heck don't I ever see one in northern Virginia lol?
What is a BUFKIT sounding?
I'm trying to think of as many of these met terms as I can that I always see tossed around when there is a BIG snow event in the East. Yeah I'll think of more.....
Ah CSI, one of the coolest wintertime MESOSCALE processes but The Issue of CSI (Conditional Symmetric Instability) is a complex one and even to some degree controversial. Ill try to put this into as simple of terms as possible.
CSI is a form of moist symmetric Instability which is characterized by the development of single and multiple clouds and precip bands in the vicinity of frontal zones associated with extratropical (Mid Latitude) cyclones.
The nature of the banding will be two dimensional /quasi-symmetric, the criteria needed for the development of the banding is met in the region where the bands are found and the bands align themselves parallel to the thicknesses field (thermal wind). Remember this is b/c thermal wind flows parallel to the thickness gradient. Bands move at the same speed the flow is moving which means the bands themselves have a propagation of zero.
It’s important to determine whether the criteria are met since similar bands can develop in response to ducted gravity waves, and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. These types of instabilities produce wave like features in the atmosphere similar what you would see if you threw a rock in a lake.
What do you need atmospherically for CSI? First you need to be aware of the different types of instability and understand that the combination of Moisture, lift and instability is instrumental in the development of clouds and precipitation (for our purposes convection).
In the interest of saving time it’s pointless for me to go through all the different types of instability however I will go through the three MOST important ones for this situation, SI (Symmetric Instability) CSI (Conditional Symmetric instability) and PSI (potential Symmetric instability).
PSI / POTENTIAL Symmetric Instability:
Theta-e (Equivalent Potential Temperature) decreases w/ height along the geostrophic Momentum Surface (hereafter, Mg). This is known as the Mg-theta-e relationship which is needed for slantwise convection.
MPVg (Moist geostrophic potential Vorticity (or EPV / Equivalent potential Vorticity) is less than zero.
A quick note. Whenever there is the Mg-Theta relationship, negative MPVg will be present. I PREFER and RECOMMEND that you use MPVg over the Mg-theta relationship since you don’t have to worry about the orientation of the cross section.
CSI /Conditional Symmetric Instability:
Theta-es decreases w/ height along the Mg Surfaces. Mg-Theta-es relationship. MPVg* (* = saturated, thus MPVg* implies Saturated Moist potential geostrophic vorticity)
SOME researchers over the years have questioned the validity of blindly using theta-e in assessing CSI instead of using theta-es. You can since the two will be equivalent to one another at saturation; however I prefer to use theta-es.
CSI and frontogenesis will almost always be found together. Frontogenesis simply indicates baroclinicity or tightening of the thermal gradient over a distance. Thusly since frontogenesis characterizes a region where the horizontal thermal gradient is stronger, the Mg surfaces are more likely to become increasingly horizontal and the pseudo adiabats more vertical. This can also be achieved in situations where strong vertical speed shear exists.
A deformation zone is an area of the atmosphere where winds diverge along one axis and converge along another.
BUFKIT is a software program which was developed by NWS Buffalo and the WDTB to analyze model data.