
ATL: JOAQUIN - Post-Tropical - Discussion
Moderator: S2k Moderators

Last edited by LarryWx on Sat Sep 26, 2015 9:50 pm, edited 1 time in total.
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
-
- Category 5
- Posts: 3755
- Joined: Sun May 17, 2009 10:16 pm
- Location: miami fl
Re:
LarryWx wrote::uarrow: That's 98L, not Ida, at 994 mb between Daytona and St. Augustine on the 126 hour map of the 0Z CMC. The 12Z CMC, which steers 98L north of he 0Z CMC track right from the start, has nothing like that and the 12Z CMC ensemble also didn't have those FL bound members. The 0Z CMC (along with several CMC ensemble members) look like they're out of touch with reality as they rely on an unrealistic (considering the progged features that would steer it) WNW all of the way to FL as well as surviving what is progged by the GFS runs strong shear several hundred miles E of FL.
so thing you may go ,more west their forecasting?
0 likes

There's always that chance but I believe that the chance of it getting all of the WNW to FL is quite small as of now. No other model than the 0Z CMC did that and the CMC is almost always wrong when it is on its own. And now the 12Z CMC dropped that scenario. If it were to form south of the model consensus, move WNW early, and if 99L doesn't bodily move to the NE GOM, then there'd be a better chance for that. However, even so, the progged sheer currently looks quite strong east of FL.
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
- Hurricaneman
- Category 5
- Posts: 7349
- Age: 44
- Joined: Tue Aug 31, 2004 3:24 pm
- Location: central florida
Re:
LarryWx wrote::uarrow: floridasun,
There's always that chance but I believe that the chance of it getting all of the WNW to FL is quite small as of now. No other model than the 0Z CMC did that and the CMC is almost always wrong when it is on its own. And now the 12Z CMC dropped that scenario. If it were to form south of the model consensus, move WNW early, and if 99L doesn't bodily move to the NE GOM, then there'd be a better chance for that. However, even so, the progged sheer currently looks quite strong east of FL.
Honestly this may have a better chance of hitting Massachusetts than Florida based on model output but it needs to be watched in the NEUS and eastern Canada
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products
0 likes

One thing I'm curious about is what would happen if it were to rapidly develop like OzonePete expects. No model has shown anything more than very slow development. Obviously, that could play havoc with the projected tracks and could make it somewhat more resistant to strong shear.
By the way, is that upper level outflow already getting established on the northside of this? Look at the last two hours or so of satellite pics.
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
- Hurricaneman
- Category 5
- Posts: 7349
- Age: 44
- Joined: Tue Aug 31, 2004 3:24 pm
- Location: central florida
Re:
LarryWx wrote::uarrow: Hurricaneman, I agree that parts of the NE actually have a higher chance than the low FL chance to get hit by 98L.
One thing I'm curious about is what would happen if it were to rapidly develop like OzonePete expects. No model has shown anything more than very slow development. Obviously, that could play havoc with the projected tracks and could make it somewhat more resistant to strong shear.
By the way, is that upper level outflow already getting established on the northside of this? Look at the last two hours or so of satellite pics.
The funny thing is the 18zGFS has landfall in Rhode Island or SE Massachusetts and based on that 1985 Henri might be a good analog for this
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products
0 likes
- Extratropical94
- Professional-Met
- Posts: 3538
- Age: 30
- Joined: Wed Oct 20, 2010 6:36 am
- Location: Hamburg, Germany
- Contact:
Showers and thunderstorms associated with a low pressure area
located about 425 miles south-southwest of Bermuda have increased
over the past 24 hours. Some additional development of this system
is possible during the next day or so while it moves toward the
north-northwest or northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After that time,
development is not expected due to unfavorable upper-level winds.
For additional information on this system, see High Seas Forecasts
issued by the National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...40 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...40 percent
located about 425 miles south-southwest of Bermuda have increased
over the past 24 hours. Some additional development of this system
is possible during the next day or so while it moves toward the
north-northwest or northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After that time,
development is not expected due to unfavorable upper-level winds.
For additional information on this system, see High Seas Forecasts
issued by the National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...40 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...40 percent
0 likes
54° 11' 59'' N, 9° 9' 20'' E
Boomer Sooner!
Go Broncos! Go Cards! Go Niners!
- Daniel
Boomer Sooner!
Go Broncos! Go Cards! Go Niners!
- Daniel
-
- Category 1
- Posts: 346
- Joined: Sat Sep 12, 2015 10:53 am
Re: Re:
I agree and the wpc does too http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/p168i.gif?1443362630Hurricaneman wrote:LarryWx wrote::uarrow: floridasun,
There's always that chance but I believe that the chance of it getting all of the WNW to FL is quite small as of now. No other model than the 0Z CMC did that and the CMC is almost always wrong when it is on its own. And now the 12Z CMC dropped that scenario. If it were to form south of the model consensus, move WNW early, and if 99L doesn't bodily move to the NE GOM, then there'd be a better chance for that. However, even so, the progged sheer currently looks quite strong east of FL.
Honestly this may have a better chance of hitting Massachusetts than Florida based on model output but it needs to be watched in the NEUS and eastern Canada
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
-
- Tropical Storm
- Posts: 106
- Age: 29
- Joined: Wed Aug 27, 2014 9:18 pm
- Location: Hattiesburg, MS
- Contact:
Re: ATL: INVEST 98L - Discussion
Up to 50/50
2. Showers and thunderstorms are showing signs of organization in
association with an area of low pressure located about 425 miles
south-southwest of Bermuda. Some additional development of this
system is possible and this system could become a tropical
depression during the next day or so while it moves toward
the northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After that time, development is not
expected due to unfavorable upper-level winds. For additional
information on this system, see High Seas Forecasts issued by the
National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...50 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...50 percent
(from NHC)
EDIT!*****
ALSO looks like some convection firing up this AM by the top of the system. Idk if this matters because IDK where the center is expected to form, if it does at all, but thought I would post this anyway.

2. Showers and thunderstorms are showing signs of organization in
association with an area of low pressure located about 425 miles
south-southwest of Bermuda. Some additional development of this
system is possible and this system could become a tropical
depression during the next day or so while it moves toward
the northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After that time, development is not
expected due to unfavorable upper-level winds. For additional
information on this system, see High Seas Forecasts issued by the
National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...50 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...50 percent
(from NHC)
EDIT!*****
ALSO looks like some convection firing up this AM by the top of the system. Idk if this matters because IDK where the center is expected to form, if it does at all, but thought I would post this anyway.

0 likes
Okay guys, just because I want to BE a meteorologist, want to go to school for meteorology, DOES NOT MAKE ME A METEOROLOGIST. Anything I say about tropical weather is either me learning something new, or is just an opinion and nothing more than that. I can almost guarantee you that I will be wrong about pretty much everything.
A LLC seems to be near 27N, 69W, moving slowly WNW. It should turn NNW by Tue or Wed. It looks like it may brush the NC Outer Banks after that though there may not be much to it then or it may combine with a piece of 99L's remnants. That's my current feeling about this anyway.
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
- Extratropical94
- Professional-Met
- Posts: 3538
- Age: 30
- Joined: Wed Oct 20, 2010 6:36 am
- Location: Hamburg, Germany
- Contact:
2. Showers and thunderstorms have become better organized since
yesterday in association with an elongated area of low pressure
located about midway between the central Bahamas and Bermuda.
Additional slow development of this system is likely during the next
day or two while it moves toward the northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After
that time, development is not expected due to unfavorable
upper-level winds. For more information on this system, see High
Seas Forecasts issued by the National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...60 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...60 percent
yesterday in association with an elongated area of low pressure
located about midway between the central Bahamas and Bermuda.
Additional slow development of this system is likely during the next
day or two while it moves toward the northwest at 5 to 10 mph. After
that time, development is not expected due to unfavorable
upper-level winds. For more information on this system, see High
Seas Forecasts issued by the National Weather Service.
* Formation chance through 48 hours...medium...60 percent
* Formation chance through 5 days...medium...60 percent
0 likes
54° 11' 59'' N, 9° 9' 20'' E
Boomer Sooner!
Go Broncos! Go Cards! Go Niners!
- Daniel
Boomer Sooner!
Go Broncos! Go Cards! Go Niners!
- Daniel
Looking at the 12Z CMC/JMA, 98L may look like it is coming for FL through the next three or so days with a slow but steady WNW movement. However, by Wed, the WNW steering flow is projected to end by these same models as high pressure to the NE causing that WNW steering moves eastward and the remnants of 99L come out to near the SE coast. With that setup, it would then almost for sure turn more NNW/N and may combine with 99L. The 12Z CMC actually has it hit the NE US 10/3-4 as a weak low moving NNW.
Hypothetically, had there been no 99L, the next high moving in may have moved in with a further south extent imparting a continued WNW flow/trapping 98L and allowing it to keep moving WNW all of the way to FL and hit there as a TC. This is actually what yesterday's 0Z CMC had shown:
http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/analysis ... 0&ypos=222
So, Floridians who don't want a TC hit maybe should thank 99L for existing.
Hypothetically, had there been no 99L, the next high moving in may have moved in with a further south extent imparting a continued WNW flow/trapping 98L and allowing it to keep moving WNW all of the way to FL and hit there as a TC. This is actually what yesterday's 0Z CMC had shown:
http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/analysis ... 0&ypos=222
So, Floridians who don't want a TC hit maybe should thank 99L for existing.
Last edited by LarryWx on Sun Sep 27, 2015 1:27 pm, edited 1 time in total.
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
-
- Category 1
- Posts: 346
- Joined: Sat Sep 12, 2015 10:53 am
Re: ATL: INVEST 98L - Discussion
Good points but the CMC??? 

0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
Re: ATL: INVEST 98L - Discussion
Weatherwatcher98 wrote:Good points but the CMC???
Hehe

0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecasts and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
-
- S2K Supporter
- Posts: 6358
- Age: 62
- Joined: Sun Aug 31, 2003 1:01 pm
- Location: Miramar Bch. FL
-
- Category 1
- Posts: 346
- Joined: Sat Sep 12, 2015 10:53 am
Re:
I think so.CrazyC83 wrote:Is this the same system several other models want to develop in the Northeast next weekend?
0 likes
Personal Forecast Disclaimer:
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
The posts in this forum are NOT official forecast and should not be used as such. They are just the opinion of the poster and may or may not be backed by sound meteorological data. They are NOT endorsed by any professional institution or storm2k.org. For official information, please refer to the NHC and NWS products.
- Yellow Evan
- Professional-Met
- Posts: 16058
- Age: 26
- Joined: Fri Jul 15, 2011 12:48 pm
- Location: Henderson, Nevada/Honolulu, HI
- Contact:
- gatorcane
- S2K Supporter
- Posts: 23689
- Age: 47
- Joined: Sun Mar 13, 2005 3:54 pm
- Location: Boca Raton, FL
Yep it is looking like it may make a run at becoming our next named system. For once, there is not a lot of shear over a system in the Atlantic, a rare sight this year:


Last edited by gatorcane on Sun Sep 27, 2015 3:00 pm, edited 1 time in total.
0 likes
- Yellow Evan
- Professional-Met
- Posts: 16058
- Age: 26
- Joined: Fri Jul 15, 2011 12:48 pm
- Location: Henderson, Nevada/Honolulu, HI
- Contact:
Re: ATL: INVEST 98L - Discussion
Code: Select all
* ATLANTIC SHIPS INTENSITY FORECAST *
* IR SAT DATA AVAILABLE, OHC AVAILABLE *
* INVEST AL982015 09/27/15 18 UTC *
TIME (HR) 0 6 12 18 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
V (KT) NO LAND 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 44 48 48 44 36 23
V (KT) LAND 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 44 48 48 44 36 29
V (KT) LGE mod 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 40 44 49 51 46 33
Storm Type TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP TROP EXTP EXTP
SHEAR (KT) 14 16 23 21 18 25 15 14 8 31 59 91 106
SHEAR ADJ (KT) 0 2 -3 -3 0 -3 -1 -5 2 0 0 -20 -19
SHEAR DIR 328 323 334 345 342 348 15 343 226 231 219 222 217
SST (C) 29.7 29.8 29.7 29.7 29.7 29.5 29.1 28.7 28.3 28.0 26.8 25.0 24.1
POT. INT. (KT) 161 163 162 162 162 158 151 145 141 137 122 105 97
ADJ. POT. INT. 135 138 138 137 137 134 127 122 119 116 103 88 82
200 MB T (C) -54.5 -54.2 -54.4 -54.5 -54.1 -53.9 -53.6 -53.4 -53.2 -53.1 -53.4 -54.3 -54.9
TH_E DEV (C) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 6 1 0 0 0
700-500 MB RH 72 72 70 68 66 67 68 72 73 73 72 63 54
MODEL VTX (KT) 9 9 9 9 9 7 6 4 LOST LOST LOST LOST LOST
850 MB ENV VOR 49 62 55 51 51 35 23 42 83 72 96 61 48
200 MB DIV -4 -9 -3 -18 -11 -15 7 41 67 52 100 56 72
700-850 TADV 0 1 -1 -3 1 -2 1 2 0 6 14 26 27
LAND (KM) 849 866 883 906 894 787 677 562 391 240 143 55 -42
LAT (DEG N) 27.3 27.5 27.7 28.0 28.2 28.6 29.3 30.1 31.7 33.7 35.9 37.9 39.2
LONG(DEG W) 69.0 69.5 70.0 70.6 71.1 72.3 73.4 74.2 74.5 74.2 74.3 74.7 75.7
STM SPEED (KT) 3 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 9 10 11 9 7
HEAT CONTENT 60 57 52 52 58 56 41 24 21 16 44 0 0
FORECAST TRACK FROM BAMM INITIAL HEADING/SPEED (DEG/KT):320/ 2 CX,CY: 0/ 2
T-12 MAX WIND: 20 PRESSURE OF STEERING LEVEL (MB): 624 (MEAN=624)
GOES IR BRIGHTNESS TEMP. STD DEV. 50-200 KM RAD: 24.8 (MEAN=14.5)
% GOES IR PIXELS WITH T < -20 C 50-200 KM RAD: 46.0 (MEAN=65.0)
INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTENSITY CHANGE
6 12 18 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
----------------------------------------------------------
SAMPLE MEAN CHANGE 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 8. 9. 11. 12. 12. 13. 14.
SST POTENTIAL 0. 0. 1. 2. 6. 11. 17. 22. 25. 27. 28. 28.
VERTICAL SHEAR MAG 1. 3. 5. 6. 7. 6. 4. 3. 0. -6. -16. -30.
VERTICAL SHEAR ADJ 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3.
VERTICAL SHEAR DIR 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2. 4. 5. 7.
PERSISTENCE 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 0. 0.
200/250 MB TEMP. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5.
THETA_E EXCESS 0. 0. -1. -1. -2. -2. -3. -5. -8. -11. -14. -17.
700-500 MB RH 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. -2. -3. -3. -3. -3. -3. -2.
MODEL VTX TENDENCY 0. 0. 0. 0. -2. -4. -7. -7. -7. -7. -7. -7.
850 MB ENV VORTICITY 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 4.
200 MB DIVERGENCE 0. 0. -1. -1. -2. -2. -2. -2. -1. 0. 0. 0.
850-700 T ADVEC 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -1.
ZONAL STORM MOTION 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. -1. -2. -2. -3. -3.
STEERING LEVEL PRES 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
DAYS FROM CLIM. PEAK 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
GOES PREDICTORS 0. -1. -1. -1. -2. -2. -3. -3. -3. -3. -2. -2.
OCEAN HEAT CONTENT 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
----------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL CHANGE 3. 6. 9. 12. 15. 18. 19. 23. 23. 19. 11. -2.
** 2013 ATLANTIC RI INDEX AL982015 INVEST 09/27/15 18 UTC **
( 30 KT OR MORE MAX WIND INCREASE IN NEXT 24 HR)
12 HR PERSISTENCE (KT): 5.0 Range:-49.5 to 33.0 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.7/ 1.9
850-200 MB SHEAR (KT) : 18.3 Range: 28.8 to 2.9 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.4/ 0.5
STD DEV OF IR BR TEMP : 24.8 Range: 37.5 to 2.9 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.4/ 0.5
850-700 MB REL HUM (%): 72.4 Range: 43.2 to 93.5 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.6/ 0.7
POT = MPI-VMAX (KT) : 111.9 Range: 28.4 to 139.1 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.8/ 0.5
Heat content (KJ/cm2) : 55.8 Range: 0.0 to 155.1 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.4/ 0.1
D200 (10**7s-1) : -9.0 Range:-23.1 to 181.5 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.1/ 0.0
% area w/pixels <-30 C: 42.0 Range: 15.3 to 100.0 Scaled/Wgted Val: 0.3/ 0.1
Prob of RI for 25 kt RI threshold= 17% is 1.5 times the sample mean(11.9%)
Prob of RI for 30 kt RI threshold= 10% is 1.3 times the sample mean( 7.6%)
Prob of RI for 35 kt RI threshold= 5% is 1.2 times the sample mean( 4.6%)
Prob of RI for 40 kt RI threshold= 4% is 1.4 times the sample mean( 3.0%)
## ANNULAR HURRICANE INDEX (AHI) AL982015 INVEST 09/27/15 18 UTC ##
## STORM NOT ANNULAR, SCREENING STEP FAILED, NPASS=1 NFAIL=6 ##
## AHI= 0 (AHI OF 100 IS BEST FIT TO ANN. STRUC., 1 IS MARGINAL, 0 IS NOT ANNULAR) ##
** PROBLTY OF AT LEAST 1 SCNDRY EYEWL FORMTN EVENT AL982015 INVEST 09/27/2015 18 UTC **
TIME(HR) 0-12 12-24(0-24) 24-36(0-36) 36-48(0-48)
CLIMO(%) 0 0( 0) 0( 0) 0( 0) <-- PROB BASED ON INTENSITY ONLY
PROB(%) 0 0( 0) 0( 0) 0( 0) <-- FULL MODEL PROB (RAN NORMALLY)
0 likes
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 51 guests