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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#41 Postby cycloneye » Thu Mar 13, 2025 12:53 pm

Image


Day 2 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1228 PM CDT Thu Mar 13 2025

Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN SOUTHEAST
IA...EASTERN MO...IL...FAR WESTERN KY/NORTHWEST TN/NORTHEAST AR...

...SUMMARY...
A regional outbreak of severe storms is likely over the
Lower/Mid-Missouri/Mississippi Valleys and Lower Ohio Valley late
Friday afternoon into Saturday morning. Tornadoes, several of which
could be strong, widespread damaging winds with gusts from 70 to 90
mph, and scattered large hail up to baseball size will be possible.

...Synopsis...
Primary change this outlook cycle has been to mainly expand
MRGL/SLGT/ENH damaging wind probabilities west to north in the
Lower/Mid-MO Valley. No change to the level 4/MDT risk with greater
uncertainty over the southern extent of widespread damaging wind
potential into the Mid-South, but where strong tornado potential
persists.

...Lower/Mid-MO, Mid-MS, and Lower OH Valleys...
A powerful shortwave trough will amplify from the southern High
Plains into the Upper MS Valley. This will induce further deepening
of an intense surface cyclone across the central Great Plains to the
Mid-MO Valley. Initial surface-based thunderstorm development is
expected by early to mid-afternoon along the northwest periphery of
a modified moisture plume emanating north from the South-Central
States. Well-mixed, inverted-v thermodynamic profiles will support
downward momentum transport in the left-exit region of an intense
700-mb jet curling across the Ozarks to the Mid-MS Valley. This
should yield a rapidly progressing QLCS from the Lower to Mid-MO
Valley across much of the Mid-MS Valley into Friday evening, with
semi-discrete supercells trailing to the southeast portion of the
convective plume. Given the fast low to mid-level flow regime,
embedded gusts from 60-80 kts should be common along with a
QLCS/embedded supercell tornado threat. The latter will be greater
with southeast extent where a ribbon of somewhat richer low-level
moisture should reach the Mid-MS Valley. Convection should tend to
weaken overnight more quickly on the north end of the outlook area
as it outpaces the confined surface-based instability plume. But
some overnight damaging wind/tornado potential should persist across
the Lower OH Valley.

...Mid-South to Lower MS and TN Valleys...
South of the QLCS regime, forecast confidence in sustaining deep
convection lowers with southern extent. Persistent southerly
low-level flow will bring mid to upper 60s F dewpoints northward
across the region by Friday evening/night. Forecast soundings
indicate rather favorable thermodynamic and kinematic profiles,
conditionally supporting intense and long-track supercells. Neutral
to weak mid-level height falls are expected, with the strong
low-level jet tending to shift north/east of the Lower MS Valley
overnight. This suggests forcing mechanisms will be modest, which is
likely behind guidance spread with the depiction of deep convection
during the evening and overnight.

A few broken to semi-discrete supercells appear most probable in the
Mid-South, posing a risk for strong tornadoes, significant damaging
wind gusts, and very large hail. These threats appear more
conditional farther south/east in the Lower MS and TN Valleys.

..Grams.. 03/13/2025
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#42 Postby cycloneye » Thu Mar 13, 2025 2:37 pm

Image


Day 3 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0230 PM CDT Thu Mar 13 2025

Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN
LA...MS...AND AL...

...SUMMARY...
A severe weather outbreak is expected on Saturday across the central
Gulf Coast States and Deep South into the Tennessee Valley. Numerous
significant tornadoes are possible on Saturday afternoon and
evening, centered on eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.
Widespread damaging wind swaths and scattered large hail are likely.

...Central Gulf Coast/Deep South/TN Valley...
Primary change is to expand level 4-MDT north in AL and all
categories west in the tight gradient of severe potential from the
Sabine to Lower MS Valleys. A particularly volatile scenario for
destructive severe remains evident during the afternoon to evening
on Saturday centered on the level 4-MDT risk region.

In the wake of the vigorous shortwave trough and very deep surface
cyclone crossing the North-Central States on D2, a broad upper
trough will linger across the southern Great Plains. An intense
mid-level jetlet, in excess of 100 kts at 500-mb, should eject
through the basal portion of this trough in south TX on Saturday
afternoon. This will induce secondary cyclogenesis along the
slow-moving baroclinic zone from the Ark-La-Tex to the central Great
Lakes. Another day of air mass modification ahead of this wave will
yield a pronounced plume of rich northwest Gulf moisture that should
be pristine across southeast LA into central MS through late
morning. As mid-level height falls overspread the diurnally warming
air mass, increasing convective development is expected along the
deepening baroclinic zone, as well as residual outflows to its
northeast in the TN Valley from prior late D2 convection.

Steep mid-level lapse rates atop the richly moist boundary layer
should yield at least moderate MLCAPE across the Lower MS Valley.
Vertically veering wind profiles with strong anvil-level divergence
amid the favorable instability should support robust updrafts and
intense supercells. Low-level shear will strengthen during the
afternoon and evening, setting the stage for a severe-weather
outbreak including significant tornadoes, damaging gusts, and large
hail. A pronounced dropoff in severe may be realized with northward
extent across the TN Valley as an emerging band and/or highly
organized line outpaces the rich Gulf air. Despite weaker
instability with eastern extent into GA/SC, the intense wind fields
may sustain damaging wind and embedded tornado potential well into
the overnight.

...OH Valley to Lower Great Lakes...
Forecast confidence is low with regard to severe potential north of
the TN Valley. Weakening late D2 convection should be in a decaying
process at 12Z Saturday. Much of the region will then be in between
waves until late afternoon. Guidance differs on the degree of
diurnal destabilization ahead of the deepening surface cyclone that
should track north-northeast from the Ark-La-Tex. It is plausible
that widespread Mid/Deep South to TN Valley convection during the
day Saturday will temper the northward extent of instability by
Saturday evening/night within a predominately meridional deep-layer
wind profile. As such, the overall severe risk appears conditional,
but given the fast flow regime, potential for damaging winds and
perhaps a few tornadoes may be realized.

..Grams.. 03/13/2025
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#43 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 5:16 am

Image

Day 2 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0100 AM CDT Fri Mar 14 2025

Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
LOUISIANNA...MISSISSIPPI...ALABAMA AND THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

...SUMMARY...
A tornado outbreak is possible on Saturday across the central Gulf
Coast States and Deep South into the Tennessee Valley. Numerous
significant tornadoes, and some long-track tornadoes are expected on
Saturday afternoon and evening, centered on eastern Louisiana,
Mississippi, and Alabama. Widespread damaging wind swaths and
scattered large hail are likely.

...Tornado Outbreak Possible Across parts of the Southeast on
Saturday...
...Gulf Coast States/Tennessee Valley/Southern
Appalachians/Georgia...
At mid-levels on Saturday, a strong and fast-moving jet streak will
translate eastward across the southern U.S., as an associated trough
moves through the Great Plains. Ahead of the system, a moist and
unstable airmass will be in place across the lower to mid
Mississippi Valley. Warming surface temperatures in the morning will
contribute to the development of moderate instability across much of
the moist airmass. As large-scale ascent increases ahead of the
approaching jet streak, scattered thunderstorms are expected to
initiate near the western edge of the moist airmass during the late
morning, from eastern Louisiana into northwest Mississippi and
western Tennessee. These storms should become severe rather quickly
due large-scale forcing, moderate instability and strong deep-layer
shear. Supercells with large hail, wind damage and a tornado threat
are expected to develop and move east-northeastward during the
afternoon across the central Gulf Coast States and Tennessee Valley.

The exit region of the mid-level jet streak is forecast to move
across the lower Mississippi Valley and Tennessee during the mid to
late afternoon, which will be timed well with afternoon max heating.
Forecast soundings at 21Z across parts of southern and central
Mississippi have MLCAPE in the 2000 to 3500 J/kg range, with 0-6 km
shear of 70 to 80 knots. 700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be
near 8 C/km, with 0-3 km storm-relative helicity in the 400 to 500
m2/s2 range. This will be very favorable for intense severe storms,
with a threat for tornadoes, wind damage and large hail. Several
tornadic supercells are expected to develop within this cluster by
mid to late afternoon as the low-level jet intensifies. Multiple
long-track high-end tornadoes will be possible. The greatest tornado
threat is expected to shift into Alabama by early to mid evening,
with a significant tornado threat also impacting parts of middle
Tennessee. In addition, supercells are expected to grow upscale into
a developing MCS, with potential to produce significant severe wind
gusts above 70 knots and large hail. The severe threat is expected
to develop eastward into parts of Georgia and the southern
Appalachians by mid to late evening. A severe threat should continue
into the overnight.

...Ohio Valley/Lower Great Lakes...
A negatively-tilted mid-level trough will move into the western
Great Lakes on Saturday, as the southern part of the trough moves
into the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. Ahead of the system,
southwest mid-level flow will be in place over most of the Great
Lakes and Ohio Valley. At the start of the period, a corridor of
rich low-level moisture is forecast from western Kentucky northward
into Indiana. Surface dewpoints along this corridor will likely
range from the mid 50s to the lower 60s F. Early in the period, a
cluster of strong thunderstorms is forecast to move across the Ohio
valley. Some of the storms could have severe potential. Wind damage,
isolated large hail and a few tornadoes will be possible. In the
wake of this activity, outflow could negatively affect the airmass
over parts of the Ohio Valley. However, areas that are not affected
by outflow could re-destabilize, maintaining a severe threat. As the
exit region of a mid-level jet moves across the Ohio Valley and
lower Great Lakes during the late afternoon, supercells will be
possible due to the increasing large-scale ascent and strong
deep-layer shear. Any supercell could have potential for tornadoes,
wind damage and hail.
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#44 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 5:42 am

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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#45 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 6:21 am

Image
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#46 Postby Brent » Fri Mar 14, 2025 6:26 am

That HRRR run for tomorrow in Alabama at 6z was about the worst thing I've ever seen :eek: I mean it basically showed 4/27/11 again
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#47 Postby Bunkertor » Fri Mar 14, 2025 10:34 am

Brent wrote:That HRRR run for tomorrow in Alabama at 6z was about the worst thing I've ever seen :eek: I mean it basically showed 4/27/11 again

Indeed scary. The stp´s are partially off the chart :double:
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Moderate Risk issued

#48 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 11:40 am

Day 1 outlook.

Image


Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1130 AM CDT Fri Mar 14 2025

Valid 141630Z - 151200Z

...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY AND
MID-SOUTH...

...SUMMARY...
A regional outbreak of severe thunderstorms is likely this afternoon
through tonight across parts of the Lower/Mid Mississippi Valley and
portions of the Lower Ohio Valley and Mid-South. Numerous tornadoes,
several of which could be strong, widespread severe gusts ranging
from 60 to 100 mph, and scattered large hail up to baseball size all
appear likely.

...Synopsis...
Water-vapor imagery late this morning indicates a powerful and
negatively tilted mid/upper-level shortwave trough over the southern
High Plains. An intense mid-level jet (with winds of 100-115+ kt at
500 mb) will continue to round the base of the trough, and quickly
eject northeastward across OK and eastern KS this afternoon. This
mid-level jet will move over parts of the mid MS Valley and Midwest
this evening and tonight in tandem with the northeastward-advancing
shortwave trough. Strong ascent aloft associated with both of these
features will overspread portions of the central CONUS as a deep
surface cyclone develops northeastward from the central High Plains
into the Upper Midwest this afternoon through tonight. In the low
levels, a dryline will surge eastward across the southern/central
Plains through the day, eventually arcing from the low southeastward
into the Ozarks. A large area of significant severe potential
remains evident across parts of the lower/mid MS Valley into the
Midwest and Mid-South.

...Mid Mississippi Valley into the Midwest and Mid-South...
Ample diurnal heating is expected through this afternoon ahead of
the cyclone, with elevated convection already occurring across parts
of eastern OK into southeast KS and southwest MO. More robust,
surface-based thunderstorms will likely develop by early/mid
afternoon (18-21z) along/east of the dryline from parts of eastern
NE southward into eastern KS/western MO, as a southerly low-level
jet attempts to bring shallow boundary-layer moisture northward into
the mid MS Valley and vicinity. The northern portion of this
convection will be oriented more orthogonal to the ejecting
mid-level jet, and current expectations are for quick upscale growth
into a fast northeastward-moving band, posing a risk for widespread
severe/damaging winds as this activity moves into IA and towards the
MO/IA/IL border region. Given the strength of the low/mid-level flow
and presence of steep lapse rates aloft, along with a well-mixed
boundary layer, intense thunderstorm straight-line gusts peaking
locally in the 80-100 mph range are possible with the stronger
cores/inflections in the band as it matures and moves across parts
of the mid MS Valley, and eventually into the southwestern Great
Lakes this evening through tonight.

Additional, potentially more discrete, severe thunderstorms will
develop this afternoon farther southeast along the wind shift into
central/eastern MO, generally on the northern periphery of somewhat
better low-level moisture from southeast MO southward into the
Mid-South. Stronger high-level flow and ample deep-layer shear over
these will likely promote at least semi-discrete supercells. Latest
model guidance, including various convection-allowing HREF members,
suggest scattered supercells developing late this afternoon and
evening as far south as the MS/AR/TN border region. Have nudged
severe probabilities and the corresponding SLGT/ENH/MDT westward a
little in western/central MO to account for a slightly earlier
initiation. Various NAM/RAP forecast soundings strongly favor
intense supercells capable of large to very large hail (up to 2-3
inches in diameter), and potentially multiple strong to intense
tornadoes this evening as effective SRH rapidly increases in tandem
with a southerly low-level jet strengthening to 50-65+ kt. This
substantial severe threat is expected to continue eastward overnight
into parts of the lower OH Valley/Midwest, before convection
eventually outpaces the low-level moisture return and weakens.

...Lower Mississippi Valley...
Large-scale forcing for ascent appears a bit more nebulous/weak
farther south into the lower MS Valley. Still, the 12Z suite of
guidance shows some potential for surface-based thunderstorms
developing by late this afternoon across the ArkLaMiss region. While
the stronger low/mid-level flow and forcing are expected to remain
to the north of this region, greater low-level moisture and related
instability will be present. This favorable thermodynamic and
kinematic environment will support supercells, with associated
threat for large to very large hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes.
Some of tornadoes could be strong this evening with any sustained
supercells, especially across central MS and vicinity. Have expanded
the ENH to account for this potential, and consideration was given
to expanding the MDT southward into central MS as well. But, there
is still some uncertainty with overall thunderstorm coverage.
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued

#49 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 12:36 pm

High Risk

Image

...THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN CENTRAL/SOUTHERN
PARTS OF MS/AL...

...SUMMARY...
A tornado outbreak is likely on Saturday across the central Gulf
Coast States and Deep South into the Tennessee Valley. Numerous
significant tornadoes, some of which should be long-track and
potentially violent, are expected on Saturday afternoon and evening.
The most dangerous tornado threat should begin across eastern
Louisiana and Mississippi during the late morning to afternoon,
spread across Alabama late day into the evening, and reach western
parts of the Florida Panhandle and Georgia Saturday night.

...Central Gulf Coast/Deep South/TN Valley...
After collaboration with WFOs BMX/JAN/MOB, an upgrade to a level
5-HIGH risk appears warranted for the most likely corridor of
potentially violent tornadoes, peaking tomorrow afternoon and
evening. A broader level 4-MDT risk has been expanded somewhat
eastward for the nocturnal significant tornado threat.

An intense mid-level jet, 100-110 kts at 500 mb, will eject through
the basal portion of a broad southern Great Plains shortwave trough.
This will induce secondary cyclogenesis along an initially
slow-moving baroclinic zone from the Ark-La-Tex to the central Great
Lakes. Another day of air mass modification ahead of this wave will
yield a pronounced plume of rich northwest Gulf moisture that should
be pristine across southeast LA and southern MS through late
morning. As mid-level height falls overspread the diurnally warming
air mass, increasing convective development is expected along the
deepening baroclinic zone, as well as residual outflows to its
northeast in the TN Valley from prior late D1 convection.

Steep mid-level lapse rates atop the richly moist boundary layer
will yield at least moderate MLCAPE from 1500-2500 J/kg across
eastern LA into central MS. Vertically veering wind profiles with
strong anvil-level divergence amid the favorable instability should
support robust updrafts and intense supercells. Low-level shear will
strengthen midday through the afternoon, yielding potential for a
tornado outbreak.

The most probable convective corridor will be along the effective
outflow boundary across central/northern parts of MS into north AL
and south TN. Along and south of this will be the most favored
corridor for long-tracked, discrete supercells. These will likely
develop within north/south-oriented confluence bands as increasing
large-scale ascent becomes coincident with the peak heating cycle.
A volatile combination of kinematic/thermodynamic parameters will
support potential for long-track, EF3+ tornadoes. The overall
spatial extent of this threat will be modulated by the degree of
boundary-layer heating within the mid to upper 60s dew point plume,
along with where exactly the large-scale outflow boundary sets up
from late D1/early D2.

Significant tornado potential, along with very large hail and
destructive damaging wind gusts, should persist into Saturday night.
Greater potential for a broken to linear band of thunderstorms is
anticipated by this time, but wind profiles will still strongly
favor supercells. As such, a mix of all three hazards may continue
with sig severe hail potential favored south and sig severe wind
favored north as the convective band spreads towards the southern
Appalachians and the northeast Gulf Coast.

...OH Valley to central Great Lakes...
Forecast confidence remains low with regard to severe potential
north of the TN Valley. Guidance continues to differ on the degree
of diurnal destabilization in the wake of the D1 shortwave trough
and deep cyclone tracking into northern Ontario. With increasingly
widespread Mid/Deep South to TN Valley thunderstorms during the day
Saturday, the northward extent of appreciable surface-based
instability appears highly questionable within a predominately
meridional deep-layer wind profile. Given the fast flow regime
though, even weak convection late afternoon through Saturday night
will pose some risk for locally strong gusts and a tornado.
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#50 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 12:42 pm

WOW. Only the third time ever a high risk is issued for day 2. :eek:

 https://x.com/NWSSPC/status/1900602946527588435


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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#51 Postby ElectricStorm » Fri Mar 14, 2025 12:58 pm

Believe that's the first one since 2012 :eek: It's a good call though, seriously looks like it could be one of the biggest outbreaks in recent times
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#52 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:02 pm

Brent there you have it. Be careful there and stay safe.
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#53 Postby TomballEd » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:11 pm

3 km NAM SigTors above 10 by early afternoon in Mississippi. Forecast sounding near/ a smidge W of Laurel, MS where I had a summer job in the oilfield in 2011. Date stamped image won't change. 2000 J/Kg CAPE, 80 knots of deep shear and 500 m^2s^-2 Curious if anyone has an actual sounding from 2011 tornado outbreak in this region. Tried playing with URL date stamps in SPC soundings and not getting it. But I suspect 4/27/2011 soundings would be similar. Edit

Image
Last edited by TomballEd on Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:12 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking News= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#54 Postby Tireman4 » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:11 pm

An understatement, but this has the potential to be really bad. A high risk, this early in the season. Goodness
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking News= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#55 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:28 pm

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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#56 Postby WaveBreaking » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:43 pm

Recent Upper-Level WV image from GOES-16 (annotated)

Image
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: Breaking news= High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#57 Postby USTropics » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:47 pm

TomballEd wrote:3 km NAM SigTors above 10 by early afternoon in Mississippi. Forecast sounding near/ a smidge W of Laurel, MS where I had a summer job in the oilfield in 2011. Date stamped image won't change. 2000 J/Kg CAPE, 80 knots of deep shear and 500 m^2s^-2 Curious if anyone has an actual sounding from 2011 tornado outbreak in this region. Tried playing with URL date stamps in SPC soundings and not getting it. But I suspect 4/27/2011 soundings would be similar. Edit

https://climate.cod.edu/data/forecast/sndgs/2025031412_NAMNST_034_32.91,-89.17_severe_mu.png


Kyle Gillet up at University of North Dakota has a really cool Python program called Sounderpy - https://github.com/kylejgillett/sounderpy
He has an interfacing app as well (https://sounderpysoundings.anvil.app/), but it can crash quite frequently.

I've built out this interfacing tool in Google Colab to get historical soundings using sounderpy - https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1V2IIOteGrTuP2aqBNgbOzaAC0PBeEPUl?usp=sharing

Here are some soundings from that date:
Image
Image
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#58 Postby cycloneye » Fri Mar 14, 2025 1:52 pm

:eek: :eek: :eek:

@GumryWX
April 27, 2011 is now the top analog for tomorrow at 00Z. We obviously have seen the mesoscale models show us reflectivity and UH maps but the synoptic forcing is continuing to look better and better as well


Image

 https://x.com/GumryWX/status/1900619782996586828


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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#59 Postby Bunkertor » Fri Mar 14, 2025 3:05 pm

First MD is up

Mesoscale Discussion 0170
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0101 PM CDT Fri Mar 14 2025

Areas affected...parts of far eastern Kansas and northeastern
Oklahoma through northwestern Arkansas...western and central
Missouri and southern Iowa

Concerning...Severe potential...Watch likely

Valid 141801Z - 142030Z

Probability of Watch Issuance...95 percent

SUMMARY...A rapidly developing squall line may initiate near of just
west of the western Missouri state border vicinity as early as 3-4
PM CDT.
https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md0170.html
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Bunkertor
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Re: 2025 Severe Weather: High Risk issued for Central / Southern parts of MS and AL

#60 Postby Bunkertor » Fri Mar 14, 2025 3:14 pm

Oh, with the 20z outlook, the SPC has extended today´s risk area southwards.
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